Tag Archives: Level 1

RMAN Incremental Updating Backup & Demo Part 1

Posted on by Standard 7

This blog post is part of the “RMAN Back to Basics” series, which can be found here.

Incremental Updating Backup

An incremental updating backup is a level 0 incremental backup which is recovered using level 1 incremental backups.  This avoids the overhead of taking level 0 incremental backups, for example in a backup strategy where a level 0 is taken every Sunday and all other days level 1.

An simple example would be, an incremental level 0 backup is taken once and would be recovered daily.  For example everyday an incremental level 1 backup is taken and then the incremental level 1 backup taken yesterday would be used to recover the incremental level 0 backup.  Thus the incremental level 0 backup would fluctuate between 1 to 2 days behind current, i.e. at the point when the backup script is about to run, the incremental level 1 backup would be as of approximately 48 hours ago and when ran would be as of approximately 24 hours ago.

Incremental Updating Backup Demo

We take an incremental updating backup using my script  9_incremental_updated_backup.sh:

[oracle@dc1sbxdb001 demo]$ ./9_incremental_updated_backup.sh 
-----------------------
Step 1: Set environment
-----------------------

Setting the Database Environment using oraenv...
The Oracle base remains unchanged with value /u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_SID: ZEDDBA
ORACLE_HOME: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

Press Enter to continue

The environment is set to my ZEDDBA database, next we recover an incremental level 0 backup followed by taking an incremental level 1 backup, which we do three times as shown in the content of the 9_incremental_updated_backup.cmd file:

---------------------------------------
Step 2: Take Incremental Updated Backup
---------------------------------------

Clearing all backups...

Content of 9_incremental_updated_backup.cmd file:

RECOVER COPY OF DATABASE WITH TAG 'INC UPDATE';
HOST 'read Press Enter';
BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 FOR RECOVER OF COPY WITH TAG 'INC UPDATE' DATABASE;
HOST 'read Press Enter';
RECOVER COPY OF DATABASE WITH TAG 'INC UPDATE';
HOST 'read Press Enter';
BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 FOR RECOVER OF COPY WITH TAG 'INC UPDATE' DATABASE;
HOST 'read Press Enter';
RECOVER COPY OF DATABASE WITH TAG 'INC UPDATE';
HOST 'read Press Enter';
BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 FOR RECOVER OF COPY WITH TAG 'INC UPDATE' DATABASE;

Press Enter to continue

Next we recover an incremental level 0 backup using the “RECOVER COPY OF DATABASE” syntax with the tag of the incremental level 1 backup we want to use for recovery “WITH TAG ‘INC UPDATE’“:

Calling 'rman target / cmdfile=/media/sf_Software/scripts/demo/9_incremental_updated_backup.cmd'

Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu May 30 19:31:09 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ZEDDBA (DBID=3520942925)

RMAN> RECOVER COPY OF DATABASE WITH TAG 'INC UPDATE';
Starting recover at 30-MAY-19
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=152 device type=DISK
no copy of datafile 1 found to recover
no copy of datafile 2 found to recover
no copy of datafile 3 found to recover
no copy of datafile 4 found to recover
Finished recover at 30-MAY-19
RMAN> HOST 'read Press Enter';

host command complete

As you can see RMAN states there is no copy of the datafiles found to recover.  This is because we don’t yet have an incremental level 0 backup.

Next we take an incremental level 1 backup using the “BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 FOR RECOVER OF COPY WITH TAG ‘INC UPDATE’ DATABASE” syntax giving the tag of the incremental level 0 backup:

RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 FOR RECOVER OF COPY WITH TAG 'INC UPDATE' DATABASE;
Starting backup at 30-MAY-19
using channel ORA_DISK_1
no parent backup or copy of datafile 1 found
no parent backup or copy of datafile 2 found
no parent backup or copy of datafile 3 found
no parent backup or copy of datafile 4 found
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gh08cy6s_.dbf tag=INC UPDATE RECID=5 STAMP=1009654288
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gh08d1g5_.dbf tag=INC UPDATE RECID=6 STAMP=1009654291
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gh08d4lc_.dbf tag=INC UPDATE RECID=7 STAMP=1009654293
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gh08d7rb_.dbf tag=INC UPDATE RECID=8 STAMP=1009654296
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 30-MAY-19

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_30/o1_mf_s_1009654296_gh08d93p_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-MAY-19
RMAN> HOST 'read Press Enter';

host command complete

As you can see RMAN still states there no parent backup or copy of the datafiles found, so instead takes an incremental level 0 backup (copy) for you.

Next we again recover an incremental level 0 backup using the “RECOVER COPY OF DATABASE” syntax with the tag of the incremental level 1 backup we want to use for recovery “WITH TAG ‘INC UPDATE’” to see if it behaves any different this time:

RMAN> RECOVER COPY OF DATABASE WITH TAG 'INC UPDATE';
Starting recover at 30-MAY-19
using channel ORA_DISK_1
no copy of datafile 1 found to recover
no copy of datafile 2 found to recover
no copy of datafile 3 found to recover
no copy of datafile 4 found to recover
Finished recover at 30-MAY-19
RMAN> HOST 'read Press Enter';

host command complete

As you can see RMAN states there still no copy of the datafiles found to recover.  This is not exactly true as an incremental level 0 backup was taken above, however there is no incremental level 1 backup to use to recover hence the message.

Next we again take an incremental level 1 backup using the “BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 FOR RECOVER OF COPY WITH TAG ‘INC UPDATE’ DATABASE” syntax giving the tag of the incremental level 0 backup to see if it behaves any different this time:

RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 FOR RECOVER OF COPY WITH TAG 'INC UPDATE' DATABASE;
Starting backup at 30-MAY-19
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 30-MAY-19
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 30-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_30/o1_mf_nnnd1_INC_UPDATE_gh08dsxd_.bkp tag=INC UPDATE comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 30-MAY-19

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_30/o1_mf_s_1009654317_gh08dx4z_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-MAY-19
RMAN> HOST 'read Press Enter';

host command complete

As you can see RMAN now is aware of the incremental level 0 backup and thus takes an incremental level 1 backup as requested.

Next we again recover an incremental level 0 backup using the “RECOVER COPY OF DATABASE” syntax with the tag of the incremental level 1 backup we want to use for recovery “WITH TAG ‘INC UPDATE’” to see if it behaves any different this time:

RMAN> RECOVER COPY OF DATABASE WITH TAG 'INC UPDATE';
Starting recover at 30-MAY-19
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile copies to recover
recovering datafile copy file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gh08cy6s_.dbf
recovering datafile copy file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gh08d1g5_.dbf
recovering datafile copy file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gh08d4lc_.dbf
recovering datafile copy file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gh08d7rb_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_30/o1_mf_nnnd1_INC_UPDATE_gh08dsxd_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_30/o1_mf_nnnd1_INC_UPDATE_gh08dsxd_.bkp tag=INC UPDATE
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 30-MAY-19

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_30/o1_mf_s_1009654322_gh08f35f_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-MAY-19
RMAN> HOST 'read Press Enter';

host command complete

As there is now an incremental level 1 backup that has the tag ‘INC UPDATE‘ it is used to recover the incremental level 0 backup to the point when the incremental level 1 backup was taken.

Next we again take an incremental level 1 backup using the “BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 FOR RECOVER OF COPY WITH TAG ‘INC UPDATE’ DATABASE” syntax giving the tag of the incremental level 0 backup to see if it behaves any different this time:

RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 FOR RECOVER OF COPY WITH TAG 'INC UPDATE' DATABASE;
Starting backup at 30-MAY-19
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 30-MAY-19
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 30-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_30/o1_mf_nnnd1_INC_UPDATE_gh08ffh1_.bkp tag=INC UPDATE comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 30-MAY-19

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_30/o1_mf_s_1009654334_gh08fgqj_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-MAY-19

Recovery Manager complete.

Press Enter to continue

As you can see RMAN takes incremental level 1 backup as requested, just as before and will continue to do so till there is no incremental level 0 backup.

Finally, we update the demo log table:

-------------------------------------
Step 3: Updating and viewing demo log
-------------------------------------
Calling 'sqlplus / as sysdba'
To updated and view demo log

1 row created.

Commit complete.

WHEN COMMENTS
------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------
16-MAY-19 05.31.24.000000 PM Enable Archive Log Mode
16-MAY-19 05.40.23.000000 PM Full Backup
16-MAY-19 05.46.17.000000 PM Full Backup plus Archive Logs
17-MAY-19 04.55.12.000000 PM Image Copy
20-MAY-19 05.13.44.000000 PM Incremental Level 0
22-MAY-19 12.09.17.000000 PM Incremental Level 1
22-MAY-19 12.54.43.000000 PM Incremental Level 1 with BCT
24-MAY-19 06.28.33.000000 PM Incremental Level 1 Cumulative
30-MAY-19 07.32.24.000000 PM Incremental Updated Backup

9 rows selected.

Press Enter to exit shell script

[oracle@dc1sbxdb001 demo]$

Reference

Scripts

  1. 9_incremental_updated_backup.sh
  2. 9_incremental_updated_backup.cmd

To download all 2 in one zip: 9_incremental_updated_backup.zip

The rest of the series

  1. Oracle Database File Placement Best Practice & Create Database Demo
  2. RMAN Full Backup & Demo
  3. RMAN Image Copy & Demo
  4. RMAN Incremental & Demo Part 1 (Level 0)
  5. RMAN Incremental & Demo Part 2 (Level 1)
  6. RMAN Incremental with Block Change Tracking & Demo
  7. RMAN Incremental Differential vs Cumulative & Demo
  8. RMAN Incremental Updating Backup & Demo Part 1
  9. RMAN Incremental Updating Backup & Demo Part 2
  10. Flashback
  11. RMAN Block Media Recovery
  12. RMAN Recover database with only FRA
  13. RMAN Obsolete

Please Note: Links to the blog posts will be released daily and updated here.

 

If you found this blog post useful, please like as well as follow me through my various Social Media avenues available on the sidebar and/or subscribe to this oracle blog via WordPress/e-mail.

Thanks

Zed DBA (Zahid Anwar)

RMAN Incremental Differential vs Cumulative & Demo

Posted on by Standard 16

This blog post is part of the “RMAN Back to Basics” series, which can be found here.

Differential Incremental Backups (default)

A differential incremental backup, backs up all the blocks that have changed after the most recent incremental backup, which can be either level 1 or 0.

RMAN determines which is the most recent level 1 backup and then backs up all the blocks changed after that backup, if no level 1 then all the blocks changed after the last level 0 backup are backed up.  If no level 0 backup exist, then a level 0 backup is taken.

The diagram below shows how the level 1 differential incremental backups are just backing up from the last level 1:

Incremental_Differential

Cumulative Incremental Backups

A cumulative incremental backup, backs up all the blocks that have changed after the most recent incremental backup at level 0 only.

This reduces the work needed when recovering after a restore as only the desired level 1 is required to be applied instead of several level 1 in sequence.  The trade off is as every level 1 backup needs to backup all the blocks changed from the last level 0, it is repeated the work done by the previous level 1, thus require more space and more time.

The diagram below shows how the level 1 cumulative incremental backup are backing up from the last level 0:

Incremental_Cumulative

Cumulative Incremental Backup Demo

We take an cumulative incremental level 1 backup using my script 8_incremental_level_1_cumulative.sh:

[oracle@dc1sbxdb001 demo]$ ./8_incremental_level_1_cumulative.sh 
-----------------------
Step 1: Set environment
-----------------------

Setting the Database Environment using oraenv...
The Oracle base remains unchanged with value /u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_SID: ZEDDBA
ORACLE_HOME: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

Press Enter to continue

The environment is set to my ZEDDBA database, next we will take an differential backup twice, followed by cumulative incremental backup twice:

-------------------------------------------------
Step 2: Take Incremental Level 1 Cumlative Backup
-------------------------------------------------

Content of 8_incremental_level_1_cumulative.cmd file:

BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 DATABASE TAG 'INCR LEVEL 1';
BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 DATABASE TAG 'INCR LEVEL 1';
BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 CUMULATIVE DATABASE TAG 'INCR LEVEL 1 CUM';
BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 CUMULATIVE DATABASE TAG 'INCR LEVEL 1 CUM';
HOST 'read Press Enter to LIST BACKUP';
LIST BACKUP;

Press Enter to continue

Next a differential incremental backup is taken:

Calling 'rman target / cmdfile=/media/sf_Software/scripts/demo/8_incremental_level_1_cumulative.cmd'

Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri May 24 18:27:49 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ZEDDBA (DBID=3520942925)

RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 DATABASE TAG 'INCR LEVEL 1';
Starting backup at 24-MAY-19
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=157 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 24-MAY-19
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 24-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_24/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_ggjbdsg0_.bkp tag=INCR LEVEL 1 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 24-MAY-19

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_24/o1_mf_s_1009132076_ggjbdwoh_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-MAY-19

Next another differential incremental backup is taken:

RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 DATABASE TAG 'INCR LEVEL 1';
Starting backup at 24-MAY-19
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 24-MAY-19
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 24-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_24/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_ggjbdys0_.bkp tag=INCR LEVEL 1 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 24-MAY-19

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_24/o1_mf_s_1009132081_ggjbf23y_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-MAY-19

Next a cumulative incremental backup is taken:

RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 CUMULATIVE DATABASE TAG 'INCR LEVEL 1 CUM';
Starting backup at 24-MAY-19
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 24-MAY-19
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 24-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_24/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_CUM_ggjbf3rn_.bkp tag=INCR LEVEL 1 CUM comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 24-MAY-19

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_24/o1_mf_s_1009132084_ggjbf516_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-MAY-19

Next another cumulative incremental backup is taken:

RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 CUMULATIVE DATABASE TAG 'INCR LEVEL 1 CUM';
Starting backup at 24-MAY-19
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 24-MAY-19
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 24-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_24/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_CUM_ggjbf6rv_.bkp tag=INCR LEVEL 1 CUM comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 24-MAY-19

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_24/o1_mf_s_1009132087_ggjbf81t_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-MAY-19

Next we list the backup within RMAN using ‘LIST BACKUP‘:

RMAN> HOST 'read Press Enter to LIST BACKUP';
host command complete

RMAN> LIST BACKUP;

List of Backup Sets
===================

...
...
...
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
25 Incr 1 38.23M DISK 00:00:02 24-MAY-19 
BP Key: 25 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: INCR LEVEL 1
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_24/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_ggjbdsg0_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 25
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 1 Incr 603534 24-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
2 1 Incr 603534 24-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
3 1 Incr 603534 24-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
4 1 Incr 603534 24-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
26 Full 8.31M DISK 00:00:00 24-MAY-19 
BP Key: 26 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190524T182756
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_24/o1_mf_s_1009132076_ggjbdwoh_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 24-MAY-19
SPFILE db_unique_name: ZEDDBA
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 603541 Ckp time: 24-MAY-19

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
27 Incr 1 64.00K DISK 00:00:03 24-MAY-19 
BP Key: 27 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: INCR LEVEL 1
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_24/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_ggjbdys0_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 27
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 1 Incr 603560 24-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
2 1 Incr 603560 24-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
3 1 Incr 603560 24-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
4 1 Incr 603560 24-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
28 Full 8.31M DISK 00:00:01 24-MAY-19 
BP Key: 28 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190524T182801
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_24/o1_mf_s_1009132081_ggjbf23y_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 24-MAY-19
SPFILE db_unique_name: ZEDDBA
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 603567 Ckp time: 24-MAY-19

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
29 Incr 1 38.23M DISK 00:00:01 24-MAY-19 
BP Key: 29 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: INCR LEVEL 1 CUM
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_24/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_CUM_ggjbf3rn_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 29
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 1 Incr 603585 24-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
2 1 Incr 603585 24-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
3 1 Incr 603585 24-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
4 1 Incr 603585 24-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
30 Full 8.31M DISK 00:00:01 24-MAY-19 
BP Key: 30 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190524T182804
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_24/o1_mf_s_1009132084_ggjbf516_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 24-MAY-19
SPFILE db_unique_name: ZEDDBA
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 603592 Ckp time: 24-MAY-19

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
31 Incr 1 38.23M DISK 00:00:01 24-MAY-19 
BP Key: 31 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: INCR LEVEL 1 CUM
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_24/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_CUM_ggjbf6rv_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 31
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 1 Incr 603610 24-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
2 1 Incr 603610 24-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
3 1 Incr 603610 24-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
4 1 Incr 603610 24-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
32 Full 8.31M DISK 00:00:01 24-MAY-19 
BP Key: 32 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190524T182807
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_24/o1_mf_s_1009132087_ggjbf81t_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 24-MAY-19
SPFILE db_unique_name: ZEDDBA
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 603617 Ckp time: 24-MAY-19

Recovery Manager complete.

Press Enter to continue

Next we can see the first differential incremental backup backed up 39M of changed blocks, however the second differential incremental backup only backed up 72K as only backed up the blocks changed from the last level 1 backup.  Where as the cumulative incremental on both the first and second backup, backed up 39M of changed blocks:

Files size on disk:
...
...
...

/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_24:
total 115M
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 39M May 24 18:27 o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_ggjbdsg0_.bkp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 72K May 24 18:28 o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_ggjbdys0_.bkp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 39M May 24 18:28 o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_CUM_ggjbf3rn_.bkp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 39M May 24 18:28 o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_CUM_ggjbf6rv_.bkp

Press Enter to continue

Finally, we update the demo log table:

-------------------------------------
Step 3: Updating and viewing demo log
-------------------------------------
Calling 'sqlplus / as sysdba'
To updated and view demo log

1 row created.

Commit complete.

WHEN COMMENTS
------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------
16-MAY-19 05.31.24.000000 PM Enable Archive Log Mode
16-MAY-19 05.40.23.000000 PM Full Backup
16-MAY-19 05.46.17.000000 PM Full Backup plus Archive Logs
17-MAY-19 04.55.12.000000 PM Image Copy
20-MAY-19 05.13.44.000000 PM Incremental Level 0
22-MAY-19 12.09.17.000000 PM Incremental Level 1
22-MAY-19 12.54.43.000000 PM Incremental Level 1 with BCT
24-MAY-19 06.28.33.000000 PM Incremental Level 1 Cumulative

8 rows selected.

Press Enter to exit shell script

[oracle@dc1sbxdb001 demo]$

Reference

Scripts

  1. 8_incremental_level_1_cumulative.sh
  2. 8_incremental_level_1_cumulative.cmd

To download all 2 in one zip: 8_incremental_level_1_cumulative.zip

The rest of the series

  1. Oracle Database File Placement Best Practice & Create Database Demo
  2. RMAN Full Backup & Demo
  3. RMAN Image Copy & Demo
  4. RMAN Incremental & Demo Part 1 (Level 0)
  5. RMAN Incremental & Demo Part 2 (Level 1)
  6. RMAN Incremental with Block Change Tracking & Demo
  7. RMAN Incremental Differential vs Cumulative & Demo
  8. RMAN Incremental Updating Backup & Demo Part 1
  9. RMAN Incremental Updating Backup & Demo Part 2
  10. Flashback
  11. RMAN Block Media Recovery
  12. RMAN Recover database with only FRA
  13. RMAN Obsolete

Please Note: Links to the blog posts will be released daily and updated here.

 

If you found this blog post useful, please like as well as follow me through my various Social Media avenues available on the sidebar and/or subscribe to this oracle blog via WordPress/e-mail.

Thanks

Zed DBA (Zahid Anwar)

RMAN Incremental with Block Change Tracking & Demo

Posted on by Standard 12

This blog post is part of the “RMAN Back to Basics” series, which can be found here.

Block Change Tracking

Block change tracking (BCT) improves incremental backup performance by recording the changed blocks in each datafile in the block change tracking file, thus avoiding the need to scan every block in the datafile for changes.  Only applicable for level 1 backups.  Block change tracking file is 1/30,000 the size of the data blocks being tracked, in 10MB chunk, which would track 300GB.  So to track 1TB database would only be 40MB.

Incremental with Block Change Tracking Demo

We take an incremental level 1 backup with block change tracking using my script 7_incremental_level_1_with_BCT.sh:

[oracle@dc1sbxdb001 demo]$ ./7_incremental_level_1_with_BCT.sh 
-----------------------
Step 1: Set environment
-----------------------

Setting the Database Environment using oraenv...
The Oracle base remains unchanged with value /u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_SID: ZEDDBA
ORACLE_HOME: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

Press Enter to continue

The environment is set to my ZEDDBA database, then next we create some “junk” data in the database to bloat the backups to show the difference in performance with BCT:

-----------------------------------------------------------
Step 2: Take Incremental Level 1 with Block Change Tracking
-----------------------------------------------------------

Clearing all backups...

Creating junk!

Tablespace created.

Table created.

Table altered.

151956 rows created.

Commit complete.

303912 rows created.

Commit complete.

607824 rows created.

Commit complete.

1215648 rows created.

Commit complete.

2431296 rows created.

Commit complete.

4862592 rows created.

Commit complete.

insert /*+ append */ into junk value (select * from junk)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01653: unable to extend table SYS.JUNK by 8192 in tablespace JUNK

Commit complete.

insert /*+ append */ into junk value (select * from junk)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01653: unable to extend table SYS.JUNK by 8192 in tablespace JUNK

Commit complete.

BYTES/1024/1024
---------------
1984

Press Enter to continue

You can see 1,984MB of data has been created that will be backed up.

Next we will take an incremental level 0 backup followed by level 1, then repeated with BCT enabled and then finally repeat again with BCT disabled to show that caching or the like wasn’t the reason for the performance increase:

Content of 7_incremental_level_1_with_BCT.cmd file:
BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0 DATABASE TAG 'INCR LEVEL 0';
BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 DATABASE TAG 'INCR LEVEL 1';
HOST 'read Press Enter to enable Block Change Tracking';
ALTER DATABASE ENABLE BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING;
SELECT STATUS, FILENAME FROM V$BLOCK_CHANGE_TRACKING;
HOST 'read Press Enter to take backup with BCT';
BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0 DATABASE TAG 'INCR LEVEL 0';
BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 DATABASE TAG 'INCR LEVEL 1';
HOST 'read Press Enter to disable Block Change Tracking';
ALTER DATABASE DISABLE BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING;
BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0 DATABASE TAG 'INCR LEVEL 0';
BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 DATABASE TAG 'INCR LEVEL 1';
HOST 'read Press Enter to LIST BACKUP';
LIST BACKUP;

Press Enter to continue

Next an incremental level 0 backup followed by level 1 is taken:

Calling 'rman target / cmdfile=/media/sf_Software/scripts/demo/7_incremental_level_1_with_BCT.cmd'

Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed May 22 12:51:57 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ZEDDBA (DBID=3520942925)

RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0 DATABASE TAG 'INCR LEVEL 0';
Starting backup at 22-MAY-19
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=153 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_junk_ggbfxdb4_.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-MAY-19

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_22/o1_mf_nnnd0_INCR_LEVEL_0_ggbfz0nn_.bkp tag=INCR LEVEL 0 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
Finished backup at 22-MAY-19

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 22-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008939154_ggbg03bn_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 22-MAY-19

RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 DATABASE TAG 'INCR LEVEL 1';
Starting backup at 22-MAY-19
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_junk_ggbfxdb4_.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-MAY-19
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_22/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_ggbg052p_.bkp tag=INCR LEVEL 1 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08
Finished backup at 22-MAY-19

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 22-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008939164_ggbg0df4_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 22-MAY-19

host command complete

Please Note: It took 35 seconds to take the level 0 backup and 8 seconds to take level 1 backup.

Now we enable block change tracking:

RMAN> HOST 'read Press Enter to enable Block Change Tracking';
1> ALTER DATABASE ENABLE BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING;
2> SELECT STATUS, FILENAME FROM V$BLOCK_CHANGE_TRACKING;
Statement processed

STATUS 
----------
FILENAME 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENABLED 
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/changetracking/o1_mf_ggbg0g1y_.chg

Next an incremental level 0 backup followed by level 1 is taken again to show the performance improvement:

RMAN> HOST 'read Press Enter to take backup with BCT';

host command complete

RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0 DATABASE TAG 'INCR LEVEL 0';
Starting backup at 22-MAY-19
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_junk_ggbfxdb4_.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-MAY-19
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_22/o1_mf_nnnd0_INCR_LEVEL_0_ggbg0nl4_.bkp tag=INCR LEVEL 0 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
Finished backup at 22-MAY-19

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 22-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008939207_ggbg1qsp_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 22-MAY-19

RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 DATABASE TAG 'INCR LEVEL 1';
Starting backup at 22-MAY-19
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_junk_ggbfxdb4_.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-MAY-19
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_22/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_ggbg1snf_.bkp tag=INCR LEVEL 1 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 22-MAY-19

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 22-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008939210_ggbg1txm_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 22-MAY-19

Now we can see the level 1 backup with block change tracking took only 1 second compared to 8 seconds without BCT 🙂

Now we disable block change tracking to prove the performance increase was due to BCT:

RMAN> HOST 'read Press Enter to disable Block Change Tracking';

host command complete

RMAN> ALTER DATABASE DISABLE BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING;
Statement processed

Next an incremental level 0 backup followed by level 1 is taken again to show the performance improvement has reverted:

RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0 DATABASE TAG 'INCR LEVEL 0';
Starting backup at 22-MAY-19
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_junk_ggbfxdb4_.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-MAY-19
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_22/o1_mf_nnnd0_INCR_LEVEL_0_ggbg243o_.bkp tag=INCR LEVEL 0 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
Finished backup at 22-MAY-19

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 22-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008939255_ggbg37gs_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 22-MAY-19

RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 DATABASE TAG 'INCR LEVEL 1';
Starting backup at 22-MAY-19
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_junk_ggbfxdb4_.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-MAY-19

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_22/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_ggbg3997_.bkp tag=INCR LEVEL 1 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished backup at 22-MAY-19

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 22-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008939264_ggbg3js2_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 22-MAY-19

Now we can see the level 1 backup without block change tracking took 7 seconds, similar to the original 8 seconds without BCT 🙂

Next we list the backup within RMAN using ‘LIST BACKUP‘:

RMAN> HOST 'read Press Enter to LIST BACKUP';
host command complete

RMAN> LIST BACKUP;

List of Backup Sets
===================

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
12 Incr 0 2.44G DISK 00:00:32 22-MAY-19 
BP Key: 12 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: INCR LEVEL 0
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_22/o1_mf_nnnd0_INCR_LEVEL_0_ggbfz0nn_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 12
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 0 Incr 578031 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
2 0 Incr 578031 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
3 0 Incr 578031 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
4 0 Incr 578031 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf
5 0 Incr 578031 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_junk_ggbfxdb4_.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
13 Full 8.31M DISK 00:00:01 22-MAY-19 
BP Key: 13 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190522T125234
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008939154_ggbg03bn_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 22-MAY-19
SPFILE db_unique_name: ZEDDBA
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 578048 Ckp time: 22-MAY-19

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
14 Incr 1 72.00K DISK 00:00:06 22-MAY-19 
BP Key: 14 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: INCR LEVEL 1
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_22/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_ggbg052p_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 14
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 1 Incr 578067 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
2 1 Incr 578067 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
3 1 Incr 578067 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
4 1 Incr 578067 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf
5 1 Incr 578067 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_junk_ggbfxdb4_.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
15 Full 8.31M DISK 00:00:00 22-MAY-19 
BP Key: 15 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190522T125244
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008939164_ggbg0df4_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 22-MAY-19
SPFILE db_unique_name: ZEDDBA
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 578078 Ckp time: 22-MAY-19

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
16 Incr 0 2.44G DISK 00:00:32 22-MAY-19 
BP Key: 16 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: INCR LEVEL 0
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_22/o1_mf_nnnd0_INCR_LEVEL_0_ggbg0nl4_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 16
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 0 Incr 578123 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
2 0 Incr 578123 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
3 0 Incr 578123 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
4 0 Incr 578123 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf
5 0 Incr 578123 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_junk_ggbfxdb4_.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
17 Full 8.31M DISK 00:00:00 22-MAY-19 
BP Key: 17 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190522T125327
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008939207_ggbg1qsp_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 22-MAY-19
SPFILE db_unique_name: ZEDDBA
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 578142 Ckp time: 22-MAY-19

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
18 Incr 1 72.00K DISK 00:00:00 22-MAY-19 
BP Key: 18 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: INCR LEVEL 1
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_22/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_ggbg1snf_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 18
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 1 Incr 578162 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
2 1 Incr 578162 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
3 1 Incr 578162 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
4 1 Incr 578162 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf
5 1 Incr 578162 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_junk_ggbfxdb4_.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
19 Full 8.31M DISK 00:00:00 22-MAY-19 
BP Key: 19 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190522T125330
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008939210_ggbg1txm_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 22-MAY-19
SPFILE db_unique_name: ZEDDBA
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 578169 Ckp time: 22-MAY-19

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
20 Incr 0 2.44G DISK 00:00:30 22-MAY-19 
BP Key: 20 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: INCR LEVEL 0
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_22/o1_mf_nnnd0_INCR_LEVEL_0_ggbg243o_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 20
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 0 Incr 578206 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
2 0 Incr 578206 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
3 0 Incr 578206 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
4 0 Incr 578206 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf
5 0 Incr 578206 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_junk_ggbfxdb4_.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
21 Full 8.31M DISK 00:00:00 22-MAY-19 
BP Key: 21 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190522T125415
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008939255_ggbg37gs_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 22-MAY-19
SPFILE db_unique_name: ZEDDBA
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 578223 Ckp time: 22-MAY-19

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
22 Incr 1 72.00K DISK 00:00:06 22-MAY-19 
BP Key: 22 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: INCR LEVEL 1
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_22/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_ggbg3997_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 22
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 1 Incr 578242 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
2 1 Incr 578242 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
3 1 Incr 578242 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
4 1 Incr 578242 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf
5 1 Incr 578242 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_junk_ggbfxdb4_.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
23 Full 8.31M DISK 00:00:00 22-MAY-19 
BP Key: 23 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190522T125424
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008939264_ggbg3js2_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 22-MAY-19
SPFILE db_unique_name: ZEDDBA
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 578250 Ckp time: 22-MAY-19

RMAN>

Recovery Manager complete.

Press Enter to continue

Next we show the size of the backups to show they were consistently the same size throughout:

Files size on disk:
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_16:
total 0

/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_20:
total 0

/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_22:
total 7.4G
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 2.5G May 22 12:52 o1_mf_nnnd0_INCR_LEVEL_0_ggbfz0nn_.bkp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 80K May 22 12:52 o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_ggbg052p_.bkp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 2.5G May 22 12:53 o1_mf_nnnd0_INCR_LEVEL_0_ggbg0nl4_.bkp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 80K May 22 12:53 o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_ggbg1snf_.bkp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 2.5G May 22 12:54 o1_mf_nnnd0_INCR_LEVEL_0_ggbg243o_.bkp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 80K May 22 12:54 o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_ggbg3997_.bkp

Press Enter to continue

Next we drop the junk as we no longer require this:

Dropping junk!

Tablespace dropped.

Press Enter to continue

Finally, we update the demo log table:

-------------------------------------
Step 3: Updating and viewing demo log
-------------------------------------
Calling 'sqlplus / as sysdba'
To updated and view demo log

1 row created.


Commit complete.


WHEN COMMENTS
------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------
16-MAY-19 05.31.24.000000 PM Enable Archive Log Mode
16-MAY-19 05.40.23.000000 PM Full Backup
16-MAY-19 05.46.17.000000 PM Full Backup plus Archive Logs
17-MAY-19 04.55.12.000000 PM Image Copy
20-MAY-19 05.13.44.000000 PM Incremental Level 0
22-MAY-19 12.09.17.000000 PM Incremental Level 1
22-MAY-19 12.54.43.000000 PM Incremental Level 1 with BCT

7 rows selected.

Press Enter to exit shell script

[oracle@dc1sbxdb001 demo]$

License Implications

BCT is part of Enterprise Edition and is not available on Standard Edition.  In a non Data Guard Environment, there no issue with enabling BCT on Enterprise Edition.  However, in a Data Guard environment, BCT can not be used on a Physical Standby unless you have Active Data Guard as BCT on Physical Standby is part of the Active Data Guard, which is a licensable product.

This is explained well in this blog post by Bastiaan Bak:
Using Block Change Tracking with Oracle 12c Data Guard

Reference

Scripts

  1. 7_incremental_level_1_with_BCT.sh
  2. 7_incremental_level_1_with_BCT.cmd
  3. 7_create_junk.sql
  4. 7_drop_junk.sql
  5. delete_all_backups.cmd

To download all 5 in one zip: 7_incremental_level_1_with_BCT.zip

The rest of the series

  1. Oracle Database File Placement Best Practice & Create Database Demo
  2. RMAN Full Backup & Demo
  3. RMAN Image Copy & Demo
  4. RMAN Incremental & Demo Part 1 (Level 0)
  5. RMAN Incremental & Demo Part 2 (Level 1)
  6. RMAN Incremental with Block Change Tracking & Demo
  7. RMAN Incremental Differential vs Cumulative & Demo
  8. RMAN Incremental Updating Backup & Demo Part 1
  9. RMAN Incremental Updating Backup & Demo Part 2
  10. Flashback
  11. RMAN Block Media Recovery
  12. RMAN Recover database with only FRA
  13. RMAN Obsolete

Please Note: Links to the blog posts will be released daily and updated here.

Updates

30th May 2019: Added “License Implications” as requested in the comments.

 

If you found this blog post useful, please like as well as follow me through my various Social Media avenues available on the sidebar and/or subscribe to this oracle blog via WordPress/e-mail.

Thanks

Zed DBA (Zahid Anwar)

RMAN Incremental & Demo Part 2 (Level 1)

Posted on by Standard 8

This blog post is part of the “RMAN Back to Basics” series, which can be found here.

Incremental Backup

An incremental backup only backup up those data blocks that have changed since the last backup.

Types of Incremental Backups

There are 2 types of Incremental Backups:

  1. Level 0 are a base for subsequent backups.  Copies all blocks containing data similar to a full backup, with the only difference that full backups are never included in an incremental strategy.  Level 0 can be backup sets or image copies.
  2. Level 1 are subsequent backups of a level 0, backing up by default all blocks changed after the most recent level 0 or 1, known as differential incremental backup.  More on different types of level 1 backups is discuss in detail here.

Incremental Level 1 Demo

We take an incremental level 1 backup using my script 6_incremental_level_1.sh:

[oracle@dc1sbxdb001 demo]$ ./6_incremental_level_1.sh 
-----------------------
Step 1: Set environment
-----------------------

Setting the Database Environment using oraenv...
The Oracle base remains unchanged with value /u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_SID: ZEDDBA
ORACLE_HOME: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

Press Enter to continue

The environment is set to my ZEDDBA database, then next the incremental backup (Level 1) is taken:

----------------------------------------
Step 2: Take Incremental Level 1 Backup
----------------------------------------

Cotent of 6_incremental_level_1.cmd file:

BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 DATABASE TAG 'INCR LEVEL 1';
HOST 'read Press Enter to LIST BACKUP';
LIST BACKUP;

Press Enter to continue

Calling 'rman target / cmdfile=/media/sf_Software/scripts/demo/6_incremental_level_1.cmd'

Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed May 22 12:08:27 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ZEDDBA (DBID=3520942925)

RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 DATABASE TAG 'INCR LEVEL 1';
2> HOST 'read Press Enter to LIST BACKUP';
3> LIST BACKUP;
4> 
Starting backup at 22-MAY-19
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=153 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-MAY-19
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_22/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_ggbcfhbp_.bkp tag=INCR LEVEL 1 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 22-MAY-19

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 22-MAY-19
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008936514_ggbcflon_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 22-MAY-19

host command complete

We use host within RMAN just to wait for input before moving on for demo purposes.  Next we list the backup within RMAN using ‘LIST BACKUP‘:

List of Backup Sets
===================

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1 Full 498.93M DISK 00:00:08 16-MAY-19 
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: FULL BACKUP
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_16/o1_mf_nnndf_FULL_BACKUP_gfv4k119_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 1
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 Full 353825 16-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
2 Full 353825 16-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
3 Full 353825 16-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
4 Full 353825 16-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
2 Full 8.31M DISK 00:00:00 16-MAY-19 
BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190516T173912
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_16/o1_mf_s_1008437952_gfv4kjko_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 16-MAY-19
SPFILE db_unique_name: ZEDDBA
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 353836 Ckp time: 16-MAY-19

BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
3 77.83M DISK 00:00:01 16-MAY-19 
BP Key: 3 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: FULL BACKUP PLUS ARCHIVELOG
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_16/o1_mf_annnn_FULL_BACKUP_PLUS_ARC_gfv4y7m2_.bkp

List of Archived Logs in backup set 3
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
1 13 332298 16-MAY-19 354044 16-MAY-19

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
4 Full 498.94M DISK 00:00:06 16-MAY-19 
BP Key: 4 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190516T174603
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_16/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20190516T174603_gfv4yco3_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 4
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 Full 354058 16-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
2 Full 354058 16-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
3 Full 354058 16-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
4 Full 354058 16-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf

BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
5 3.50K DISK 00:00:00 16-MAY-19 
BP Key: 5 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: FULL BACKUP PLUS ARCHIVELOG
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_16/o1_mf_annnn_FULL_BACKUP_PLUS_ARC_gfv4ym4v_.bkp

List of Archived Logs in backup set 5
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
1 14 354044 16-MAY-19 354066 16-MAY-19

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
6 Full 8.31M DISK 00:00:00 16-MAY-19 
BP Key: 6 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190516T174612
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_16/o1_mf_s_1008438372_gfv4ynmv_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 16-MAY-19
SPFILE db_unique_name: ZEDDBA
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 354077 Ckp time: 16-MAY-19

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
7 Full 8.31M DISK 00:00:00 17-MAY-19 
BP Key: 7 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190517T165453
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_17/o1_mf_s_1008521693_gfxpbfs7_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 17-MAY-19
SPFILE db_unique_name: ZEDDBA
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 458035 Ckp time: 17-MAY-19

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
8 Incr 0 511.64M DISK 00:00:05 20-MAY-19 
BP Key: 8 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: INCR LEVEL 0
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_20/o1_mf_nnnd0_INCR_LEVEL_0_gg5njx01_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 8
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 0 Incr 571045 20-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
2 0 Incr 571045 20-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
3 0 Incr 571045 20-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
4 0 Incr 571045 20-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
9 Full 8.31M DISK 00:00:00 20-MAY-19 
BP Key: 9 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190520T171324
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_20/o1_mf_s_1008782004_gg5nk4cs_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20-MAY-19
SPFILE db_unique_name: ZEDDBA
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 571056 Ckp time: 20-MAY-19

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
10 Incr 1 11.22M DISK 00:00:02 22-MAY-19 
BP Key: 10 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: INCR LEVEL 1
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_22/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_ggbcfhbp_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 10
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 1 Incr 575174 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_system_gftkr3fv_.dbf
2 1 Incr 575174 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gftkr792_.dbf
3 1 Incr 575174 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gftkr944_.dbf
4 1 Incr 575174 22-MAY-19 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ZEDDBA/datafile/o1_mf_users_gftkr9fc_.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
11 Full 8.31M DISK 00:00:00 22-MAY-19 
BP Key: 11 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190522T120834
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008936514_ggbcflon_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 22-MAY-19
SPFILE db_unique_name: ZEDDBA
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 575181 Ckp time: 22-MAY-19

Recovery Manager complete.

Press Enter to continue

Next we look at the file size of the backup piece and we can see the level 1 was just 12M compared to the level 0 which was 512M:

Files size on disk:
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_16:
total 1.1G
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 499M May 16 17:39 o1_mf_nnndf_FULL_BACKUP_gfv4k119_.bkp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 78M May 16 17:46 o1_mf_annnn_FULL_BACKUP_PLUS_ARC_gfv4y7m2_.bkp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 499M May 16 17:46 o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20190516T174603_gfv4yco3_.bkp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 4.0K May 16 17:46 o1_mf_annnn_FULL_BACKUP_PLUS_ARC_gfv4ym4v_.bkp

/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_20:
total 512M
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 512M May 20 17:13 o1_mf_nnnd0_INCR_LEVEL_0_gg5njx01_.bkp

/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ZEDDBA/backupset/2019_05_22:
total 12M
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 12M May 22 12:08 o1_mf_nnnd1_INCR_LEVEL_1_ggbcfhbp_.bkp

Press Enter to continue

Finally, we update the demo log table:

-------------------------------------
Step 3: Updating and viewing demo log
-------------------------------------
Calling 'sqlplus / as sysdba'
To updated and view demo log

1 row created.

Commit complete.

WHEN COMMENTS
------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------
16-MAY-19 05.31.24.000000 PM Enable Archive Log Mode
16-MAY-19 05.40.23.000000 PM Full Backup
16-MAY-19 05.46.17.000000 PM Full Backup plus Archive Logs
17-MAY-19 04.55.12.000000 PM Image Copy
20-MAY-19 05.13.44.000000 PM Incremental Level 0
22-MAY-19 12.09.17.000000 PM Incremental Level 1

6 rows selected.

Press Enter to exit shell script

[oracle@dc1sbxdb001 demo]$

Reference

Scripts

  1. 6_incremental_level_1.sh
  2. 6_incremental_level_1.cmd

To download all 2 in one zip: 6_incremental_level_1.zip

The rest of the series

  1. Oracle Database File Placement Best Practice & Create Database Demo
  2. RMAN Full Backup & Demo
  3. RMAN Image Copy & Demo
  4. RMAN Incremental & Demo Part 1 (Level 0)
  5. RMAN Incremental & Demo Part 2 (Level 1)
  6. RMAN Incremental with Block Change Tracking & Demo
  7. RMAN Incremental Differential vs Cumulative & Demo
  8. RMAN Incremental Updating Backup & Demo Part 1
  9. RMAN Incremental Updating Backup & Demo Part 2
  10. Flashback
  11. RMAN Block Media Recovery
  12. RMAN Recover database with only FRA
  13. RMAN Obsolete

Please Note: Links to the blog posts will be released daily and updated here.

 

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Thanks

Zed DBA (Zahid Anwar)